"Introduction to Psychology" Notes (16) —— Mental Illness

Lecture 19 - Mental Illness

Mental illness:

• Schizophrenia: a split from reality, schizophrenia do not have multiple personalities.
• Multiple personality disorder: a split of personality. It's a sort of dissociative disorder.

Five symptoms of schizophrenia:

• hallucinations: the most typcial are auditory
• Delusion: The difference between a hallucination and a delusion is a hallucination is a sensory experience that's wrong, that just didn't really happen. A delusion is a belief that isn't right. It's a belief that you shouldn't be having.
• disorganized speech
  
• disorganized behaviors
• absence of normal thought or affect (emotion).

The root of problems: an inability to put together your thoughts and perceptions, to sequence them and coordinate them, to impose a logical structure and a reasonable, realistic temporal sequence on your experience. As a result of this is you lose contact with others, you lose social contact and don't get much reality checking.

Types of anxiety disorders:

• generalized anxiety disorders: very anxious, worried all the time and it could be paralyzing. It could give you physical symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, muscle tension and irritability.
• phobias: intense, irrational fears. They could focus on objects, events, and social settings.
• obsessive-compulsive disorder:irrational disturbing thoughts that intrude into your consciousness.

Dissociative disorder: a dissociation of memory; become somehow unaware, separated from some part of your identity or history and unable to recall them except sometimes under special circumstances

Three types:

• dissociative amnesia: memory loss, selective or global without identity replacement.
• dissociative fugue: global memory loss with identity replacement
  
• dissociative identity disorder: Multiple personality disorder, 2 or more distinct personalities manifested by the same person at different times

Personality disorders:

• narcissistic personality disorder: 自恋型人格障碍
• Multiple personality disorder：多重人格障碍
• avoidant personality disorder：回避型人格障碍
• histrionic personality disorder：剧化型人格障碍
• dependent personality disorder：依赖型人格障碍
• borderline personality disorder：边缘型人格障碍
• paranoid personality disorder：偏执型人格障碍
• antisocial personality disorder：反社会性人格障碍